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Teachers’ Day is celebrated worldwide as a day to honor educators, but in India, it carries a unique cultural and historical importance. While the world marks World Teachers’ Day on 5 October, India observes Teachers’ Day every year on 5 September. This date is dedicated to Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a visionary scholar, philosopher, and statesman who served as the second President of India. His immense contribution to education and his love for teaching made his birthday a national occasion to honor teachers. The Global Context of Teachers’ Day Globally, UNESCO established 5 October as World Teachers’ Day to recognize the teaching profession and highlight its importance in shaping societies. However, India chose to observe Teachers’ Day on 5 September to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Radhakrishnan. This distinction makes Indian Teachers’ Day both personal and cultural, connecting students and teachers in a celebration of knowledge and respect. Who Was Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan? Born on 5 September 1888 in Tiruttani, Tamil Nadu, Dr. Radhakrishnan was not only a politician but also a world-renowned philosopher and teacher. He taught philosophy at several prestigious institutions, including Madras Presidency College, Mysore University, and Calcutta University. His approachable nature and deep knowledge made him popular among students, who admired his teaching style and humility. He firmly believed that education is not just about academics but about shaping the moral and cultural values of students. His books such as Indian Philosophy, The Hindu View of Life, and Bhagavad Gita are still considered influential works in philosophy. The Story Behind Teachers’ Day in India The tradition of celebrating Teachers’ Day in India began in 1962 when Dr. Radhakrishnan became the President of India. His students and friends wanted to celebrate his birthday in a grand manner, but he declined. Instead, he suggested that his birthday should be observed as a day to honor all teachers. This simple yet powerful suggestion marked the beginning of a tradition that continues to this day. Since then, 5 September is celebrated nationwide as Teachers’ Day. Schools and colleges across India organize cultural programs, speeches, and activities where students honor their teachers. This day reminds everyone of the invaluable role teachers play in society. Why Teachers Are Considered Nation Builders A teacher is often described as a guide, philosopher, and friend. They shape not just the academic knowledge but also the character of students. Teachers instill discipline, values, and a sense of responsibility in young minds. Without education, a person’s existence remains incomplete, and without teachers, education cannot be achieved. In India’s cultural framework, teachers are compared to God, with the Sanskrit saying “Gurur Brahma, Gurur Vishnu, Gurur Devo Maheshwara” emphasizing their divine role. Teachers are the architects of society, building the future by guiding generations. Popularity of Dr. Radhakrishnan Among Students Dr. Radhakrishnan was admired for his humility and simplicity. Despite achieving the highest offices in the country, including Vice President and President, he always considered himself a teacher first. His students loved him for his approachable personality and clear teaching methods. His popularity among students reflected the qualities of an ideal teacher. Teachers’ Day in Schools and Colleges In India, Teachers’ Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm across schools, colleges, and universities. Students perform skits, write essays, and deliver speeches about the importance of teachers. Many schools have traditions where senior students take on the role of teachers for the day, symbolizing respect and gratitude. Gifts, cards, and cultural events mark the day, but the real essence lies in showing appreciation. The Role of Education in Nation Building Dr. Radhakrishnan emphasized that education is not just for employment but for building character and spreading knowledge. He believed that the strength of a nation lies in its education system. By inspiring students to think critically, respect cultural traditions, and develop moral values, teachers lay the foundation of a strong nation. Honors and Recognition of Dr. Radhakrishnan In recognition of his work, Dr. Radhakrishnan was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honor, in 1954. His tenure as President was marked by his continuous emphasis on education and culture. He represented India on the global stage with dignity and respect, making him a true icon of intellectual leadership. Teachers’ Day as a Celebration of Gratitude Teachers’ Day is not just a ritual but a reminder that teachers are the backbone of society. By dedicating one day to honor them, India acknowledges their sacrifices, struggles, and contributions. In a rapidly changing world driven by technology, the role of teachers remains irreplaceable. Students continue to look up to teachers not only for knowledge but also for guidance, inspiration, and motivation. Teachers’ Day is an opportunity to say “thank you” to those who shape lives. Teachers’ Day in India, celebrated on 5 September, is more than just a tribute to Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. It is a celebration of the teaching profession and the values it upholds. By choosing this date, India emphasizes that education is the foundation of progress, and teachers are its true custodians. Every year, this day reminds us that without teachers, there can be no educated society, and without education, there can be no progress. As Dr. Radhakrishnan said, true teachers are those who help us think for ourselves. Teachers’ Day continues to inspire generations to respect educators and carry forward the light of knowledge.

s Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Teachers’ Day 2025: Why India Celebrates Teachers on 5 September

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