Iron Deficiency May Not Be the Primary Cause of Anaemia in India: Study

KKN Gurugram Desk | A recent study challenges the long-held belief that iron deficiency is the main cause of anaemia in India. According to researchers, other factors, including Vitamin B12 deficiency, poor diet, and even air pollution, play a significant role in the prevalence of anaemia. The findings highlight the need for a more nuanced policy intervention to effectively combat the condition.

Key Findings of the Study

The study, conducted by a team of researchers from multiple institutions, has revealed several insights that question traditional public health approaches:

• Iron Deficiency Not the Sole Culprit: While iron deficiency has long been considered the primary cause of anaemia, the study suggests that it accounts for only a minority of cases. Other nutritional deficiencies, particularly Vitamin B12 and folate, have emerged as major contributors.
• Impact of Air Pollution: Exposure to air pollution may also contribute to anaemia by affecting red blood cell production and oxygen transport in the body.
• Testing Methods Influence Estimates: The way blood samples are drawn during public health surveys significantly impacts anaemia estimates. Variations in testing protocols can lead to discrepancies in reported prevalence.

Call for Policy Change

The study emphasizes that the current approach, which predominantly focuses on iron supplementation, may not be sufficient to address anaemia comprehensively. Policymakers are urged to:

1. Diversify Nutritional Strategies: Include Vitamin B12, folate, and other micronutrient supplements in public health programs.
2. Address Environmental Factors: Mitigate the impact of air pollution on public health to reduce its contribution to anaemia.
3. Standardize Testing Protocols: Ensure uniformity in blood sampling and testing methods to improve the accuracy of anaemia prevalence data.

Anaemia in India: A Public Health Challenge

Anaemia remains a significant public health issue in India, particularly among women and children. The condition, characterized by low levels of haemoglobin in the blood, can lead to fatigue, poor immunity, and developmental delays in children. Despite decades of iron supplementation programs, anaemia rates have remained alarmingly high, prompting the need for a holistic approach.

The findings of this study underscore the complexity of addressing anaemia in India. Moving beyond the traditional iron-focused approach, the government and health agencies must adopt a multi-faceted strategy that incorporates nutritional, environmental, and testing considerations. This shift is crucial to achieving meaningful progress in reducing anaemia prevalence across the country.